Archive for the ‘Culture and History’ Category

The Mississippi River Needs “Placeness”

Tuesday, April 27th, 2010

According to Wallace Stegner, renowned American author and ecologist, there are two kinds of Americans: placed and unplaced.

Being “placed” means you know the earth where you are or have been. You know it physically and spiritually. You know it because you fish in it, work beside it, walk its river banks and, even, possibly, make your living on it.

But if you are “unplaced”, you’re part of the American adventurer psyche — the migrant families moving across the country for generations for better work, better weather or just because you can — you know only the barren structures of a place.

Stegner says George Stewart’s book, Names on the Land, provides a good explanation. Stewart posits that Bear Run, Kentucky isn’t a certain spot just because Daniel Boone killed a bear there. Bear Run became a place when people  lived there, traveled through it and settled in it, raised families and built schools and swimming holes.  It was the sense of place that resulted from the collective understandings of a shared life that gave the town’s name, Bear Run,  meaning. “No place is a place,” Stegner goes on to say, “until things that have happened in it are remembered in history, ballads, yarns, legends or monuments. Fictions serve as well as facts.”

His points are well taken. They also support the argument that we’ve made about the National Dialogue for the Future of America’s Waterway. We believe the best people to form a shared vision of the Mississippi River are the people with a sense of place about the Mississippi River: the grass roots community residents along the River. I’ve advocated a shared vision for the river can be developed using a deliberative, decision-making model augmented with technology, and relying on the people who live along the River.  It’s using civic engagement to build a unified constituency for the Mississippi River. Going grass roots doesn’t exclude people with expertise or authority. Rather it draws for local experts and authorities from all walks of life along the Mississippi. It’s the best way to ensure that the people who set the agenda for the Mississippi River are the people whose decisions are intertwined with their sense of place about the River.

What a sense of place does for the Mississippi River is ensure a more complex understanding and a more comprehensive vision. It ensures that a National Dialogue participant with  the expertise of a Fish and Wildlife researcher also kayaks on the River, watches sunsets and enjoys picnics on its banks. It ensures that a participant managing a River tourist destination,  also goes to meetings with barge company executives and Corps of Engineers administrators.  Ultimately, it ensures a greater openness to collaboration and ideas that go beyond single-issue solutions.

Wallace Stegner had it right. We need to give up our tradition of restlessness, and it’s probably time we, as a country, settle down. “History was part of the baggage we threw overboard when we launched ourselves in the New World. We threw it away because it recalled old tyrannies, old limitations…. Plunging into the future through a landscape that had no history, we did both the country and ourselves some harm along with some good. Neither the country nor the society we built out if it can be healthy until we [   ] learn to be quiet part of the time, and acquire the sense not of ownership but of belonging.  [   ] Only in the act of submission is the sense of place realized and a sustainable relationship between people and earth established.”

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Mississippi River Waterfronts Add Up to More than Dollars and Cents

Tuesday, November 3rd, 2009

Riverfront developments up and down the Mississippi River add more value to their communities than just dollars and cents. One reason is that River planning - when done right - is a tool for civic engagement. 

But it goes beyond mere participation. Every person along the Mississippi River has an emotional tie to the River. For some it’s economy-based; for others environmental. For others still  it’s culture or tradition. For some it’s recreation and active access to the River. It’s these feelings and connections to the River that enrich and expand the planning process. Residents’ input allows riverfront developments to be more textured, multi-faceted and supported than past projects and developments were without public input.

And it’s happening all along the River. Whether it’s Memphis or St. Paul; New Orleans or Dubuque, the River captures the hearts and minds of local residents. That plays out in festivals, fundraisers and formalized community conversations. All of these activities capture and convey shared ideas and values for the way the community wants to relate to the Mississippi River. As time goes by, these shared values take root and make it possible,  at the local level, to formalize these perceptions in riverfront development or redevelopment.

Collectively, these developments — and the communities they represent — show us the dynamic nature of the Mississippi River. While there is no such thing as a national Mississippi Riverfront, a mechanism exists to create the same kind of engagement  for the whole River that riverfront developments are creating for parts of the River.

If you’d like to know more about riverfront developments, click on the communities listed above and on the October 2009 edition of River Currents. If you’d like to know more about the National Dialogue for the Future of America’s Waterway, check that out as well at www.americaswaterway.org. Most important, if you believe it’s time to start this process and move forward with a vision and agenda for the whole Mississippi River, contact us at alewis@americaswaterway.org.  Leave a comment here, too, and start the dialogue.

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Art and Architecture Beside the Mississippi River

Tuesday, October 6th, 2009

One of America’s most highly acclaimed theaters strikes an impressive pose on the banks of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis.  Jutting out over an old stone arch bridge and a dam, and sitting beside the newest river bridge replacing the Interstate 35 bridge that  collapased two years ago, the Guthrie Theater pays homage to the natural power and beauty of the Mississippi River by projecting its own modern architectural and theatrical version of strength and culture.

Designed by Jean Nouvel and built in 2006, the renowned theater has transformed a backwater area of the River from a dying industrial wasteland to a vibrant recreational, residential and commercial district. This big blue block of building is not without its critics, but for lovers of the River, it presents a unique perspective both visually and culturally. Of course it is home to some of America’s best theater. But it also presents — through its unique architectual design — the opportunity to see isolated pictures of the River as well as a panoramic schematic of the River’s drama. The beauty of nature and the beauty of performing and architectural art intersect here to underscore the values each offers the people who live within their visual reach.

This recent development on the banks of the Mississippi reminds us that the River is not just a source of water and transportation. Its size, hydro power and commercial transportation capacity are not its only large attributes. More and more, the Mississippi River is being used as a focal point for community development that is more ecologically sound than the industrial economic development of the last century.  A number of communities have recognized the potential of waterfront development on the River banks that already exist in their communities. Slowly and deliberately, they are reclaiming access to the River in noninvasive ways — such as the development in Minneapolis – where parks, walkways, theaters and museums form the core of a new neighborhood and new retail and restaurants. It’s an example being emulated in small towns and urban centers all along the Mississippi River. The drama of the Guthrie Theater is not replicable in all communities, but each River town has a way to capitalize on their culture and development in relation to America’s Waterway. Minneapolis offers just one of many models. We’d love to hear how your community is doing their community development around your town’s relationship to the Mississippi River. Leave a comment.

 

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The Wild Rice Moon Shines on the Mississippi River

Wednesday, September 2nd, 2009

Wild Rice is Mah-NO-min in Anishinaabeminowin.  This is the Ojibwe language, the Native American tribe that predominates in the northern-most section of the Mississippi River. The min part of the word rhymes with “bit”. It means seed. The first part of the word is a contraction for Manido, spirit-giver of the traditionally important and sacred food grain.  Manomin gave its name to the moon (month) of harvest, typically the end of August, early September in northern Minnesota: Manominikw Giizis, the month when it was harvested. Manomin is upon us near the headwaters of America’s Waterway.

This is the month of wild rice harvest on the Mississippi River in northern Minnesota. For the Ojibwe, it’s a sacred and traditional time. For those of us along the Mississippi near the border with Canada, the Wild Rice Moon signals the change of seasons. And so it is this year, as the summer comes to a close and canoes can be seen being poled through the rice paddies that form a barrier to the higher reaches of the River’s headwaters.

This morning the local radio station, KAXE, carried the story of the wild rice harvest and its importance in today’s Ojibwe culture and economy. The spokesperson for the White Earth Reservation told of the Ojibwe’s effort to recast an economy based on natural resources such as wild rice. The Mississippi River starts within the boundaries of the Leech Lake Reservation, another Ojibwe center where ricing is part of a Native economy and part of a way of life.

The Wild Rice Moon will be in full force this Friday.  Its strength and presence are already making themselves known throughout the woodlands. The moon’s fullness offsets the rapidly paling leaves, as summer turns to autumn and the Ojibwe and others seek to capture the last rays of summer inside the kernels of rice that fall heavily into canoes and other soundless water vehicles. Even the Mississippi, at its heart, seems to be closing a chapter and moving into its slumber, soundlessly and with only the fanfare of the moon.

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The Mississippi River and America’s Pioneering Spirit

Monday, August 24th, 2009

Today I return to the northern part of the Mississippi River. Last week, I looked at the Mississippi River from its middle section. The River looks very different physically in these two locations. But one thing that Minnesota, Illinois and Missouri share when they look out at the Mississippi River is their tie to America’s pioneering experience.

The Missourians take a more overt approach to this. The museum at the base of St. Louis’ arch celebrates the role this community played in the westward expansion of the United States. The exhibit pays homage to the explorers, both Native and European, who risked life and limb to explore uncharted territories. While not overtly about the Mississippi, you understand that this region of the country is intensely proud of the gumption and guts it took to make the westward trek. It is part of America’s character and it started — or so they claim — here on the banks of the Mississippi.

Today that pioneering spirit is being carried forward by local institutions like the Lewis and Clark Community College - aptly named for renowned American explorers - as it works with other research and education institutions as a part of the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center.

And in the northern section, those of us who have known this River for decades are familiar with its tales of exploration by voyageurs and Native Americans. We know its tie to our development first as a source of timber for urban expansion in the 19th century and then as a vehicle for commerce as the nation expanded.

In festivals all along the watery artery, the riverboat days are celebrated for their tie to a bygone era. Some times we forget that that this was not only a poetic era in terms of travel, but a way for a nation to link itself across a broad territory. Some times the links were short - as from St. Paul to Des Moines. Other times, the connection went throughout the ten state corridor. But this became an avenue of ideas and trade not unlike the connectedness of the Internet today. And certainly, no less pioneering.

So as we work together to discern a vision for the future of America’s Waterway, the Mississippi River, I hope we will include the link the River provides to an element of the American spirit we still appreciate today. Let’s hold on to and update that part of America’s character that’s associated with discovery, meeting challenges and linking communities -  and celebrate it as inherently a part of the Mississippi River today as well as its past.

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t.s.eliot’s Mississippi River Vision Not Far Off

Tuesday, August 11th, 2009

Paul DuBowy, environmental program manager for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, shared this vision of the Mississippi River from t.s. eliot’s poetry. Eliot knew the River from his days growing up near St. Louis: 

I do not know much about gods; but I think that the river
Is a strong brown god—sullen, untamed and intractable,
Patient to some degree, at first recognised as a frontier;
Useful, untrustworthy, as a conveyor of commerce;
Then only a problem confronting the builder of bridges.
The problem once solved, the brown god is almost forgotten
By the dwellers in cities—ever, however, implacable.
Keeping his seasons and rages, destroyer, reminder
Of what men choose to forget. Unhonoured, unpropitiated
By worshippers of the machine, but waiting, watching and waiting.

Ironically, this passage does paint a common vision of the Mississippi and yet DuBowy contends that there are really five rivers. DuBowy’s presentation this morning at the Visions of a Sustainable Mississippi River Conference matched those of  Gerry Galloway, Steven Kraft and Ken Lubinski in their calls for taking a longer vision and getting involved.

DuBowy says the Army Corps of Engineers is charged with creating a two hundred year vision for the Mississippi. Lubinski asked whether we all value the same ecosystem attributes.  And Galloway stressed that there are new Principles and Guidelines  and an Executive Order on Floodplain Management in the works right now.

Perhaps some of what we value and much of what we share about the Mississippi River can not be measured in engineering or economic models. Perhaps t.s. eliot has the more accurate measure of a River that means so much to the nation. Perhaps his words more accurately reflect what we all know about the Mississippi River and what we value.  Perhaps the secret to the long vision is in what people feel, and we should spend more time talking to the people of the River to find the long vision for its future.

 

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The Mississippi River’s Ancient City

Monday, August 10th, 2009

To reach the site of this week’s Visions of a Sustainable Mississippi River Conference, you pass a graphic reminder of the enduring power the River has had throughout not just the history of America, but the world.  A new book by Timothy Pauketat, “Cahokia: Ancient America’s Great City on the Mississippi” has just been published to remind us that the history of the River goes back well beyond its introduction to Western civilization by European explorers. In a most understated way, the interstate slides by what was the 12th century’s economic, cultural and religious center of the continent. It’s thought to have been home to 20,000 people and was larger than London at that time. Its central plaza covered 50 acres and housed the third largest pyramid in the New World. An article in the St. Louis Post Dispatch bemoaned the effects of the state budget crisis in relation to the significance of the state park commemorating Cahokia: 

Last year, an article in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch explained that Illinois’s budgetary problems were leading to neglect at Cahokia Mounds, a state park. But as Timothy R. Pauketat’s new book makes clear, Cahokia Mounds is not just of state importance (it is also a U.S. World Heritage Site). The great mounds built across the Mississippi River from St. Louis were quite influential, believes Pauketat, an anthropology professor at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign: “The people of this North American city seem to have created their own culture, then proceeded to spread it across the Midwest and into the South and Plains with a religious fervor.” In other words, Cahokia was the mother of North American mound mania, whose beginnings go back a thousand years.
Mound-building flourished in a culture that made much of the planet Venus, exacted human sacrifice and ate a diet heavy on maize. Some archaeologists believe that there are links between Cahokia and the great civilizations of pre-Columbian Mexico, to which Cahokian residents may well have traveled and from which they may have brought back stories and images that figure in Cahokian mythology, such as “the cult of a Corn Mother or of twin Thunderers.” Pauketat’s book, which summarizes these and other theories as to what the Cahokia site means, is part of the Penguin Library of American Indian History.  — Dennis Drabelle

As we consider visions of a sustainable Mississippi River, it would be good to remind ourselves that this River is one of the great marine wonders of this world and has been for centuries. Its significance goes beyond our time and our ability to address its current issues. But an appreciation for its history can help us understand the importance of efforts to ensure its future.

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